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BPS-Pharmacotherapy exam torrent BPS study guide
NEW QUESTION 99
A 51-year-old male patient reports waking up in the middle of the night and being unable to go back to sleep, but he has no problem falling asleep. The patient says he feels exhausted most days of the Week at Work. His physician prescribes zolpidem 3.5 mg sublingually as needed.
What is the most appropriate counseling point about zolpidem for this patient?
- A. It should be taken with a full glass of water.
- B. It is unlikely to cause sleep during driving.
- C. It should be taken shortly before bedtime.
- D. It may be taken for middle-of-the-night awakenings.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 100
In designing a clinical trial, the method utilized to deal with inherent differences between groups is to:
- A. Use blinding techniques.
- B. Use a control or comparison group.
- C. Evaluate the results using statistical methods.
- D. Assign patients to groups randomly.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 101
A 70-year-old man has completed a 14-day course of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for Escherichia coli cystourethritis. The patient has a Foley catheter. A urine culture obtained 24 hours after the last antibiotic dose shows Candida albicans > 10x3 cfu/mL, RBC > 100 cells/hpf, and WBC = 10-20 cells/hpf. The patient is asymptomatic. What is the most appropriate management?
- A. Posaconazole orally daily for 5-10 days
- B. Amphotericin bladder irrigation for 5-10 days
- C. No anti-infective needed
- D. Fluconazole orally daily for 5-10 days
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 102
A 60-year-old man with heart failure states that he becomes "a bit short of breath" after climbing a flight of stairs. His ejection fraction is 40%. Current medications include lisinopril 5 mg daily, metoprolol XL 100 mg daily, aspirin 81 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg daily, and digoxin
250 mcg daily. All vital signs and laboratory values are stable and within normal limits. Which of the following recommendations would be most appropriate at this time?
- A. Increase lisinopril to 10 mg daily.
- B. Add spironolactone 25 mg daily.
- C. Replace aspirin with clopidogrel 75 mg daily.
- D. Add Valsartan 80 mg twice daily.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 103
A 53-year-old man has been diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis. Weight = 94kg and height
= 170 cm. Creatinine clearance F 60 mL/min, CBC results are within normal limits, and baseline INR = 0.9.
The pharmacotherapy specialist receives orders for warfarin 5 mg orally every evening and enoxaparin 80 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours. Which of the following is the best course of treatment?
- A. Continue enoxaparin 80 mg every 12 hours.
- B. Change enoxaparin to 140 mg every 24 hours.
- C. Change enoxaparin to 80 mg every 24 hours.
- D. Change enoxaparin to 100 mg every 24 hours.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 104
A 25-year-old man who weighs 80 kg is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle collision. He has severe facial contusions and a presumed closed head injury. His Glasgow Coma Scale score is 8. An emergency CT scan shows no evidence of intracranial bleeding. What should recommendations for therapy include?
- A. Phenytoin 1,200 mg intravenously over 45 minutes, then an appropriate maintenance dose for one week
- B. Dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously q6h for one week
- C. Diazepam 5 mg intravenously over 5 minutes, qh6 for one week
- D. Fosphenytoin 25 PE/kg intravenous push, then an appropriate maintenance dose for one week
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 105
A 65-year-old man with heart failure is currently receiving digoxin, lisinopril, furosemide, and carvedilol. He is in normal sinus rhythm and is hemodynamically stable. His left ventricular ejection fraction is 30%. Which of the following statements best describes the role of digoxin therapy in this patient?
- A. It can improve mortality.
- B. It can be safely discontinued.
- C. It can decrease the risk of hospitalization.
- D. It can be synergistic with carvedilol.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 106
A 47-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus reports severe painful burning and tingling in the lower extremities. The patient has been taking ibuprofen and using topical capsaicin without relief. Which recommendation is the most appropriate therapy for this patient's peripheral neuropathy?
- A. Lamotrigine
- B. Tramadol
- C. Sertraline
- D. Amitriptyline
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 107
A patient taking warfarin is seen in the clinic today and prescribed a 2-Week course of fluconazole for a fungal infection. Before the patient receives the first dose of fluconazole, the pharmacotherapy specialist should ensure that:
- A. The fluconazole prescription is changed to ketoconazole.
- B. An INR is obtained initially and monitored during fluconazole therapy.
- C. The warfarin dose is empirically increased during fluconazole therapy.
- D. The fluconazole dose is administered at least 2 hours after the Warfarin dose.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 108
A population study of gentamicin pharmacokinetics in 425 neonates reported the following correlation by least-squares linear regression between gestational age and gentamicin clearance:
r2 = 0.35, p = 0.0001. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation of these data?
- A. A correlation coefficient of less than 0.8 essentially means no significant relationship exists between gestational age and gentamicin clearance in neonates.
- B. A significant correlation exists between gestational age and gentamicin clearance, with gestational age accounting for 65% of the variability in gentamicin clearance.
- C. A significant correlation exists between gestational age of newborns and gentamicin clearance, but gestational age accounts for only 35% of the variability in clearance.
- D. A significant correlation exists between gestational age and gentamicin clearance, with gestational age accounting for 59% of the variability of gentamicin clearance.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 109
Which of the following is an advantage of a crossover-design clinical trial?
- A. No randomization needed
- B. No period effect
- C. Smaller sample size needed
- D. No carryover effect
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 110
A shortage of parenteral acyclovir was just announced; a hospital has 25 vials on hand and uses
20 vials in a typical month. The wholesaler has 250 vials on hand but will not receive any more supply for 4 months. What is the hospital's most appropriate response to the shortage?
- A. Order 250 vials in case the shortage is longer than expected.
- B. Issue daily updates to prescribers on inventory levels.
- C. Develop guidelines for use of the remaining supply.
- D. Obtain stock from a neighboring hospital when supplies run out.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 111
A pharmacotherapy specialist is conducting a pharmacokinetic study of a drug. The pharmacokinetic profile of this drug is best described by a one-compartment model with a mean elimination rate constant of 0.173/h. The standard curve for the assay to be used covers the range of 5-40mcg/mL. Samples are collected shortly after single intravenous bolus drug administration, and at 4 and 8 hours after dosing. Preliminary analysis shows that the 4-hour sample concentration is 25 mcg/mL. In this situation, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. Both the initial and 8-hour concentration points are probably outside the range of the standard curve but can be reliably quantitated by extrapolating the curve to higher and lower points.
- B. The initial plasma concentration is probably outside the range of the standard curve' it may be possible to dilute the sample and re-assay.
- C. Both the initial and 8-hour concentration points are probably outside the range of the standard curve and cannot be reliably measured without diluting the samples.
- D. All plasma concentrations are probably within the range of the standard curve and can be reliably measured.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 112
A 68-year-old female patient is admitted to the ICU for acute decompensated heart failure. She is currently intubated due to acute respiratory failure and hypoxia. After intubation, her Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score is +3, and her Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) is positive for delirium. She denies pain.
Which of the following is the best recommendation for achieving her sedation goal of RASS equals zero?
- A. Administer lorazepam infusion at a rate of 1 mg/h.
- B. Initiate propofol at 5 mcg/kg/min and titrate as needed.
- C. Initiate morphine 2 mg intravenously q6h as needed for delirium.
- D. Administer haloperidol 5 mg intravenously q4h as needed for delirium.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 113
In which of the following scenarios should the error be reported to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices?
- A. A patient complains to a pharmacy manager that she did not receive an iPLEDGE brochure when receiving isotretinoin.
- B. A patient receives a 30-day supply of a prescription written for twice daily dosing with only 30 tablets dispensed.
- C. A shipment of influenza vaccine was received by the pharmacy and was not placed in a refrigerator until the following day.
- D. A pharmacy technician fills a prescription incorrectly with a "sound-alike" product, but the error is caught by the pharmacist before being dispensed to the patient.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 114
A patient presents a first-time prescription for exenatide subcutaneously twice daily. Which of the following information should the pharmacotherapy specialist present during patient counseling?
- A. The drug should be taken within 60 minutes after eating the morning and evening meals.
- B. Dose size should be adjusted according to the size of each meal.
- C. The most common side effect is nausea, which usually decreases over time.
- D. The drug should be discarded 60 days after first use, even if some remains in the pen.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 115
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